Ishikawa Goemon (石川 五 衛 門 or 石川 五 右衛門, 1558-1594) was a semi-legendary Japanese bandit who stole gold and other valuables in order to deliver them to the poor.

Perhaps the most remarkable element of his life, the one with which he is most often associated, is being boiled alive in public after a failed assassination attempt on Warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi. A large tub shaped like an iron kettle is now called a Goemon-buro ("Goemon tub").

Ishikawa Goemon is the subject of several kabuki plays. The only one still performed today is Kinmon gosan no kiri (The Golden Gate and the mon paulownia), a five-act play written by Namiki Gohei I in 1778. The most famous of his acts is called Sanmon gosan no kiri (La Temple Gate and the mon paulownia) in which Goemon is initially seen sitting atop the Sanmon Gate in Nanzen-ji. He smokes a silver kiseru, a kind of long pipe, and exclaims, “The sight of spring is worth a thousand gold coins, they say, but it's too little, too little. Those Goemon eyes deem she deserves ten thousand! Goemon quickly learns that his father, So Sokei, was killed by Mashiba Hisayoshi (a popular kabuki alias for Toyotomi Hideyoshi) and sets out to avenge his death. Goemon also appears in the famous story drawn from historical facts the 47 rōnin.

He appears in many Japanese films, such as Goemon: The Freedom Fighter, as well as in video games (Samurai Warriors, Warriors Orochi, Kessen III, Ninja Master's: Haō Ninpō Chō, Throne of Darkness ...), he notably inspired the main character of the video game series Ganbare Goemon. Goemon Ishikawa XIII, a fictional character appearing in the manga and anime series Lupine III, is his 13th generation descendant.

In the popular One Piece manga, author Eiichirō Oda appears to have taken inspiration from Ishawaka Goemon to write the charismatic character of Oden Kozuki. Indeed, we can note many similarities between the two characters: the very similar character design between Oden and Ishakawa who have almost identical faces, the fact that Oden also formed and led a band of thieves from the village of Kuri, that we will call hereafter the "nine red sheaths", the name of the wife of Oden, O-Toki, which is very close to the name "O-Taki" of the wife of Ishawaka and finally the fact that the The final torture inflicted by the Shogun Orochi Kurozumi was to soak Oden in a pot of boiling oil with all his vassals, and that he wanted to save them by diving into the pot and carrying them outstretched arms for an hour.